DOI: 10.46340/eppd.2024.11.1.5
Olga Ivanytska, D.Sc. in History
Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine
Olena Chaltseva, D.Sc. in Political Science
Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine
How to cite: Ivanytska, O., Chaltseva, O. (2024). Security Dimension of Spain’s Euro-Atlantic Integration: Conclusions for Ukraine. Evropsky Politicky a Pravni Diskurz, 11, 1, 38-50. https://doi.org/10.46340/eppd.2024.11.1.5
Abstract
The present article is concerned with the national security aspects of Spain’s accession to European Economic Community (EEC) / European Union (EU) and North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). One of the goals pursued in this paper is for Ukraine to adopt some particular features and experience of Spain’s European and Euro-Atlantic integration practices consistent with the local context. The author analysed the Spanish and Ukrainian historiography on the issues under investigation. This paper analyses geographical range of geostrategic and national security interests of Spain. As the country is situated on the periphery, in the south of the Iberian peninsula, they are concentrated in the Mediterranean region and in Maghreb. The Mediterranean area, which includes the southern and south-eastern coasts of Spain, is the gate of the Atlantic Ocean and the crossroads, both the contact and the conflict zone for a number of European, African as well as Asian states. Ukraine’s prospects in this context are also the subject of analysis.
During the years of Francoism, the security interests of Spain in the military sphere were determined by the bilateral common defence treaty with the USA, and the preferential agreement with the EEC on the most favoured nation treatment in the economic sphere.
The security and defence dimensions of Spain did not change in the post-Francoist epoch. The mechanisms of their implementation were supplemented, besides the relations of the USA, by the country’s membership of NATO, Western European Union (WEU) and EEC (the EU). As a member of NATO, Spain became ultimately confirmed in its national security interests. NATO membership determined the defence functions of the country concentrated in the Pyrenees, Eastern Atlantic and Western Mediterranean region.
Keywords: Spain, security, NATO, European Economic Community, European Union, the Mediterranean region, referendum.
References
Anikeeva, N., Vedyushkin, V., Volosyuk, O., Mednikov, I. and Pozharskaya, S. (2014). Istoriya vneshnej politiki Ispanii [History of Foreign Policy of Spain]. Moscow: International Relations. [in Russian].
Arostegui, J., Bahamonde, A., Molinero, C., Otero, L. and Ysas, P. (2003). Historia de España siglo XX. 1939-1996 [History of Spain 20th Сentury. 1939-1996]. Madrid. [in Spanish].
Bennassar, B. (1996). Franco [Franko]. Madrid: Editorial Edaf. [in Spanish].
Bueno, V. (1981). El debate sobre el ingreso de España en la Alianza Atlantica [The Debate on Spain’s Entry into the Atlantic Alliance]. En la OTAN con un Gibraltar ingles: vergonzoso para España – El Pais [In NATO with an English Gibraltar: Embarrassing for Spain – El Pais]. [in Spanish].
Carola, G.-C. (2010). El Papel d las Ideas, Valores y Creencias del Lider en la Definicion y Acciones de politica exterior: España 2000-2008 [The Role of the Ideas, Values and Beliefs of the Leader in the Definition and Actions of Foreign Policy: Spain 2000-2008]. Relaciones Internacionales [International Relations], 13, 53-59. [in Spanish].
Celestino, del A. (2011). Politica exterior de España y Relaciones con America Latina [Foreign policy of Spain and Relations with Latin America]. Madrid: Carolina Foundation: 21st Century of Spain. [in Spanish].
Cherkasova, E. (2009). Ispaniya mezhdu atlantizmom i yevropeizmom (postfrankistkiy period) [Spain between Atlanticism and Europeanism (post-Franco Period)]. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnyye otnosheniya [World Economy and International Relations], 8, 82-88. [in Russian].
Cherkasova, E. (2015). Bezopasnost’ Ispanii v atlanticheskom formate [Security of Spain in the Atlantic format]. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnyye otnosheniya [World Economy and International Relations], 12, 41-47. [in Russian].
Cherkasova, E.G. (2017). Problema Seuty i Melili vo vneshney politike Ispanii [The Problem of Ceuta and Melilla in Spanish Foreign Policy]. Iberoamerikanskiye tetradi [Iberoamerican Notebooks], 1(15), 66-72. [in Russian].
Corchado, R., Sanz, D. (2000). La Alianza Atlantica: cincuenta años de vision desde España [The Atlantic Alliance: Fifty Years of Vision From Spain]. Cuadernos de Historia Contemporanea [Contemporary History Notebooks], 22, 387-397. [in Spanish].
Crespo, M. (2004). España en Europa, 1945-2000.Del ostracismo a la modernidad [Spain in Europe, 1945-2000, from Ostracism to Modernity]. Мadrid. [in Spanish].
Davydov, V. (2006). Ispaniya: trayektoriya modernizatsii na iskhode dvadtsatogo veka [Spain: the Trajectory of Modernization at the end of the Twentieth Century]. Moscow. [in Russian].
Fedorova, K. (2014). Zovnishnya polityka Ispaniyi na pochatku 21 stolittya [Foreign Policy of Spain at the Beginning of the 21st Century]. Warsaw. [in Ukrainian].
Fusi, J. (2001). Franco. Spanien unter der Diktatur. 1936-1975 [Franco. Spain under the Dictatorship. 1936-1975]. Madrid. [in Spanish].
Ivanytska, O. (2016a). Istoriya mizhnarodnykh vidnosyn (druha polovyna 1940-kh – 1990-i roky. [History of International Relations (the second half of the 1940s – 1990s]. Vinnytsia. [in Ukrainian].
Ivanytska, O. (2016b). Pryorytety zovnishnopolitychnoyi diyalnosti sotsialistychnoho uryadu H. L. Rodrihesa Sapareto v 2004-2011 rokakh: yevropeyskyy vector [Priorities of the Foreign Policy Activity of the Socialist Government of H. L. Rodríguez Zapareto in 2004-2011: the European Vector]. Politychne zhyttya [Political Life], 3, 370-399. [in Ukrainian].
Ivanytska, O. (2017). Istoriya Ispaniyi u XX-XXI stolittyakh [History of Spain in the XX-XXI centuries]. Vinnitsa. [in Ukrainian].
Kopiyka, V. (2001). Problemy pryyednannya Ispaniyi ta Portuhaliyi do Yevropeyskykh spivtovarystv [Problems of the Accession of Spain and Portugal to the European Communities]. Aktualni problemy mizhnarodnykh vidnosyn [Actual Problems of International Relations], 30, 55-62. [in Ukrainian].
Krasikov, A. (1989). Ispaniya i mirovaya politika. Polveka diplomaticheskoy istorii [Spain and World Politics. Half a Century of Diplomatic History]. Moscow. [in Russian].
Linares, A. (2013). La adhesion de España a la OTAN: notas para una revision critica [Spain’s Accession to NATO: Notes for a Critical Review]. Historia Actual Online, Otoño [Current History Online, Fall], 32, 23-30. https://doi.org/10.36132/hao.v0i32.747 [in Spanish].
Marin, J., Molinero, C., Ysas, P. (2001). Historia politica de España. 1939-2000 [Political history of Spain. 1939-2000]. Madrid. [in Spanish].
Mazin, O. (1999). Ispaniya, ZES i NATO Ispaniya, ZES i NATO [Spain, WEU and NATO Spain, WEU and NATO]. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnyye otnosheniya [World Economy and International Relations], 10, 84-90. [in Russian].
Naumov, A. (2002). Problemy integratsii Ispanii v NATO [Problems of Spain’s integration into NATO]. Belorusskiy zhurnal mezhdunarodnogo prava i mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniy [Belarusian Journal of International Law and International Relations], 3, 12-71. [in Russian].
Oneto, J. (1975). 100 dias en la muerte de Francisco Franco [100 Days Since the Death of Francisco Franco]. Madrid. [in Spanish].
Orlov, A.A. (2000). Ispaniya v sisteme voyenno-politicheskikh organizatsiy i soyuzov Zapada: obreteniye «novogo litsa» [Spain in the System of Military-political Organizations and Alliances of the West: finding a “new face”]. Moscow: OOST. [in Russian].
Pokrovska, I. (1998). Ispanskyi vplyv navyazanyi do NATO [Spanish Influence is Imposed on NATO]. Visnyk KNU imeni Tarasa Shevchenka. Seriya: Mizhnarodni vidnosyny [Bulletin of KNU named after Taras Shevchenko. Series: International relations], 1022-1026. [in Ukrainian].
Pozharskaya, S. (1982). Ispaniya i SSHA. Vneshnyaya politika i obshchestvo. 1936-1976 [Spain and USA. Foreign Policy and Society. 1936-1976]. Moscow. [in Russian].
Rostov, N. (2019). Ispaniya v NATO: finansovyye aspekty [Spain in NATO: financial aspects]. Iberoamerikanskiye tetradi [Iberoamerican Notebooks], 2, 21-22. [in Russian].
Sabin, J.M.R. (1997). La Dictadura Franquista (1936-1975). Textos y Documentos [The Franco Dictatorship (1936-1975). Texts and Documents]. Madrid: Akal. [in Spanish].
Sagomonyan, A.A., Yurchik, E.E. (2014). Istoriya Ispanii. Ot voyny za ispanskoye nasledstvo do nachala XXI veka [History of Spain. From the War of the Spanish Succession to the beginning of the 21st century]. Moscow: Indrik. [in Russian].
Sboyko, L.V. (2008). Gibraltarskaya problema: istoriya i sovremennost [The Gibraltar Problem: History and Modernity]. Obozrevatel [Reviewer], 11, 90-96. [in Russian].
Smoliy, V.A. (Ed.) (2001). Narysy z istoriyi dyplomatiyi Ukrayiny [Essays on the History of Diplomacy of Ukraine]. Kyiv: Alternatives. [in Ukrainian].
Vernikov, V. (2007). Ispaniya. Anfas i profil [Spain. Full Face and Profile]. Moscow. [in Russian].
Zagoruyko, I. (2013). Borotba za Skelyu [The Fight for the Rock]. Dzerkalo tyzhnya [Mirror of the Week]. [in Ukrainian].
